This book presents a focused and timely exploration of genome editing and its transformative impact on modern medicine. Integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, the volume examines how emerging genetic technologies are reshaping the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of complex diseases. The book outlines the molecular foundations of key genome-editing tools, including CRISPRCas9, TALENs, and zinc-finger nucleases, explaining their mechanisms and expanding role in biomedical research. It then moves to practical applications, highlighting case studies in areas such as cancer treatment and precision medicine, demonstrating how gene-editing technologies are improving patient outcomes. Beyond technical advances, the volume addresses critical ethical, legal, and regulatory considerations, including biosafety, intellectual property, and human rights. By examining both opportunities and challenges, it emphasizes the need for responsible and well-regulated implementation of genetic technologies. Bringing together current research and applied insights, this volume offers a clear and balanced perspective on the evolving role of genome editing in advancing healthcare worldwide.